Memo: Leasing of Property in Myanmar

Land use rights in Myanmar are governed by a multitude of laws and regulations that were adopted by the British Empire and the subsequent governments of Myanmar.

These numerous laws resulted in a complex land classification system, which remains in place until today. Restrictions apply both with regard to the categories of land, the ownership, leasing and use of immovable property, and the registration of titles.

Furthermore, Myanmar laws distinguish between Myanmar citizens (and Myanmar-owned companies) and foreign citizens (and foreign-owned companies), which also affects ownership, leasing and use of land and immovable property.

Under the current legal confines of the Transfer of Immovable Property Restriction Law 1987, foreigners and foreign-owned companies are not permitted to own immovable property and are restricted in its use and leasing.

Exceptions from the restrictions on long-term leases were available under Myanmar’s Foreign Investment Laws since 1988, but foreign ownership was only mentioned for the first time in 2016, when the Myanmar Parliament approved the Condominium Law 2016. The new law would enable foreigners or foreign-owned companies to purchase up to 40% of the total housing units in a condominium.

Comment Luther: It should be noted, however, that the implementing regulations of this law are still being drafted.

Foreign ownership, leasing and use of land and immovable property are governed by the Transfer of Property Act 1882 and the Transfer of Immovable Property Restriction Law 1987.

I. Restrictions

Pursuant to sec. 3 Transfer of Immovable Property Restriction Law 1987, no person shall sell, purchase, give away, mortgage, exchange or transfer by any means immovable property to a foreigner or foreign-owned company. Correspondingly, no foreigner or foreign-owned company shall acquire immovable property by way of purchase, gift, mortgage, exchange or transfer, sec. 4 Transfer of Immovable Property Restriction Law 1987.

Further, the law limits the term for leases of immovable property to foreigners or foreign-owned companies. Pursuant to sec. 5 (a) Transfer of Immovable Property Restriction Law 1987, no person shall grant a lease of immovable property for a term exceeding one year to a foreigner or foreign-owned company. Correspondingly, no foreigner or foreign-owned company shall receive a lease of immovable property for a term exceeding one year, sec. 5 (b) Transfer of Immovable Property Restriction Law 1987.

Comment Luther: It should be noted, that the Transfer of Immovable Property Restriction Law 1987 does not in any way differentiate between foreigners and (foreign) permanent residents.

II. Exemptions

Myanmar laws provide certain exemptions from the aforementioned restrictions.

1. Myanmar Investment Law 2016

The most important exemption is provided in the Myanmar Investment Law 2016, pursuant to which any (foreign) investor who has obtained a Permit or Endorsement of the Myanmar Investment Commission may apply for Land-RightsAuthorisation to enter into long-term leases of up to 50 years with the possibility of two extensions of 10 years each.

This is a clear improvement from the provisions of the former Foreign Investment Law 1988 and Foreign Investment Law 2012, which allowed long-term land use only for foreign investors with a Permit of the Myanmar Investment Commission, which was generally only available to large, capital-intensive investments in the manufacturing and infrastructure sectors.

Of particular interest is further, that any (foreign) investor is allowed to sub-lease immovable property from an investor who has received a Land-RightsAuthorisation from the Myanmar Investment Commission. This means that (foreign) investors holding a Land-RightsAuthorisation are permitted to sub-lease (parts of) their immovable property to (foreign) sub-lessees within the limits of their Land-RightsAuthorisation, without the sub-lessees having to apply for a separate Land-RightsAuthorisation from the Myanmar Investment Commission.

2. The Special Economic Zones Law 2014

Pursuant to sec. 79 Special Economic Zones Law 2014, foreign investors in Special Economic Zones are permitted to enter into long-term leases within the Special Economic Zones for a period of up to 50 years, with the option to extend the lease for a further period of 25 years.

3. The Condominium Law 2016

On 29 January 2016, the Myanmar Parliament passed the longawaited Condominium Law 2016, pursuant to which foreigners and foreign-owned companies may purchase up to 40% of the housing units in condominiums.

Comment Luther: In previous drafts, foreigners were only allowed to buy housing units on or above the sixth floor of a condominium. This requirement has, however, been deleted from the final law.

Condominium is defined as a high-rise building of six floors or more, built as a collectively-owned structure on collectivelyowned land in compliance with such specifications as stipulated by the Ministry of Construction and registered under the Condominium Law 2016. The law does not, however, provide for a comprehensive definition of “collectively-owned land”.

Pending such a definition in the implementing regulations, the Condominium Law 2016 remains ineffective.

4. Transfer of Immovable Property Restriction Law 1987

Pursuant to sec. 14 Transfer of Immovable Property Restriction Law 1987, the relevant Ministry may allow exemptions from the provisions of the law to a foreign government for the use of its diplomatic mission accredited to Myanmar, to United Nations’ agencies, and to any other organisation of individuals.

I. General Overview

The new Myanmar Investment Law 2016 provides that any (foreign) investor may apply for a Land-Rights Authorisation to enter into long-term leases with private landlords, or – in case of stateowned land – the relevant government departments or government organisations, if the investor has obtained a Permit or Endorsement issued by the Myanmar Investment Commission (sec. 50 (a) Myanmar Investment Law 2016).

Upon issuance of the Land-Rights Authorisation, a foreign investor may enter into leases with an initial term of up to 50 years with the possibility of extension for two additional terms of 10 years each. Longer leases may be allowed by the Myanmar Investment Commission to promote the development of remote regions with lower economic development.

An investor who has received a Land-Rights Authorisation shall, within 20 working days from execution of the lease agreement, submit the details to the Myanmar Investment Commission.

II. Exemption

No separate Land-Rights Authorisation shall be required, if the investor proposes to sub-lease immovable property from another investor, who has received a Land-Rights Authorisation from the Myanmar Investment Commission (rule 135 of the Myanmar Investment Rules 2017).

Comment Luther: Investors do, however, have to file Form (15) – Notification for Sub-lease of Land or Buildings with the Myanmar Investment Commission.

III. Application Procedure

The new Myanmar Investment Law 2016 has simplified and streamlined the application for long-term land use rights. Fewer documents have to be provided to the authorities, and applications involving investments of less than US 5 million may be handled at the State/Regional level, with the close involvement of senior Directorate of Investment and Company Administration staff stationed in the State/Region.

1. Endorsement

Investors who have not been issued a Permit by the Myanmar Investment Commission are required to apply for an Endorsement to be eligible for a Land-Rights Authorisation.

The procedure for the Endorsement application with the Myanmar Investment Commission is as follows:

• The investor shall prepare and submit a complete and comprehensive Endorsement application.
• Once the Endorsement application has been submitted and the correct application fee paid, it shall be screened for eligibility and completeness by the Directorate of Investment and Company Administration (or another such authority designated by the Myanmar Investment Commission):
• If the Endorsement application is eligible and complete, it shall be submitted for review and determination at the meeting of members; or
• If the Endorsement application is incomplete or ineligible for approval, the Myanmar Investment Commission may reject the Endorsement application within 15 working days of receipt and give the investor notice of the rejection and an explanation of the grounds of rejection within a further five working days.
• If the Endorsement application is accepted (or deemed to be accepted), the Myanmar Investment Commission or the relevant State/Regional Committee will screen the Endorsement application within 30 days after the date of acceptance. If approved, it shall issue the Endorsement within 10 working days from the date of decision.
• During the assessment, the Myanmar Investment Commission, or the relevant State/Regional Committee, may, at any stage of the assessment process, require the investor to provide more information relevant to the Endorsement application.
• Any consultation with other authorities as necessary or desirable for the assessment of an Endorsement application will be carried out directly by the Myanmar Investment Commission or the relevant State/Regional Committee.

Pursuant to rule 79 Myanmar Investment Rules 2017, the Myanmar Investment Commission or the relevant State/Regional Committee must consider the objectives, principles, rights and responsibilities of the Myanmar Investment Law 2016 and apply the following criteria in the assessment of an Endorsement application:

• The investor is acting, and the investment will be made, in accordance with the laws of the Union;
• The investment needs an Endorsement according to sec. 37 Myanmar Investment Law 2016;
• The application for an Endorsement is in accordance with the Myanmar Investment Law 2016;
• The application relates to an investment as defined in the Myanmar Investment Law 2016; and
• The Investor is eligible to receive a Land-Rights Authorisation or Tax Incentive applied for with the Endorsement application.
• Upon approval, the Myanmar Investment Commission will issue the Endorsement.

2. Land-Rights Authorisation

While often applied for simultaneously with the application for a Permit or Endorsement from the Myanmar Investment Commission, the application for Land-Rights Authorisation is technically a separate process.

Pursuant to rule 117 Myanmar Investment Rules 2017, the application for Land-Rights Authorisation shall contain the following information:

• Area, type and location of the immovable property;
• Details of the landlord(s) of the immovable property;
• Recommendation letter or similar document or approval from a State/Regional Government or other governmental department and governmental organisation endorsing any proposed change in the use of the land to carry out the investment;
• Clarification, whether the investor’s proposed use of the land will require any significant alteration of topography or elevation of the land, as provided in sec. 65 (f) Myanmar Investment Law 2016;
• Period of the proposed Land-Rights Authorisation; and
• A draft of the proposed lease agreement.

Upon receipt and acceptance of the application, the Myanmar Investment Commission or the relevant State/Regional Committee shall assess the application within 30 days, and if approved, issue the Land-Rights Authorisation within 10 working days from the date of its decision; a copy of the LandRights Authorisation shall be delivered to the relevant Union Ministries and State/Regional Government Authority.

The Myanmar Investment Commission or State/Regional Committee may request additional information from the investor at any stage of the procedure. If such information is not provided in time, the application shall lapse.

The Stamp Act 1899 stipulates, which instruments are subject to payment of stamp duty, a form of tax charged on certain legal instruments such as lease agreements, which requires the affixation of physical stamps on the instrument in question.

The payment and affixation of the stamps is generally due before or at the time of execution of the instrument, unless the relevant instrument has been executed outside of Myanmar.

A fine of three times the payable stamp duty (but at least MMK 500) may be imposed, if stamp duty:

• Has not been fully paid;
• Has not been paid within the prescribed period following the execution of the deed;
• Has not been paid on the former deed, although novation/renewal/extension is being carried out; or
• Has been under-paid.

The Registration Act 1909 distinguishes between compulsory and discretionary registration.

Pursuant to sec. 17 (1) Registration Act 1909, leases of immovable property from year to year, for any term exceeding one year or reserving a yearly rent must be registered (for leases of immovable property for a term not exceeding one year, and leases exempted under section 17 Registration Act 1909, registration pursuant to sec. 18 Registration Act 1909 is optional).

Comment Luther: On 5 May 2017, the Myanmar Parliament published a draft of the Law concerning the Registration of Deeds. Upon enactment, the Registration Act 1909 will be repealed and replaced.

The draft continues to distinguish between compulsory and discretionary registration. According to sec. 16 of the Draft Law concerning the Registration of Deeds, the registration of leases of immovable property from year to year, or for any term exceeding one year, or reserving a yearly rent will continue to be compulsory.

Pursuant to sec. 17 of the Draft Law concerning the Registration of Deeds, the registration of leases of immovable property with a term not exceeding one year will continue to be optional.

The registration with the Registration of Deeds Office is due within four months from the execution of the document. Late registration may be permitted upon payment of a fine, provided that delay does not exceed four months.

For the registration of a lease agreement, the following documents and information must be submitted to the Registration of Deeds Office:

• Application letter for the registration of the lease agreement affixed with MMK 300 stamp (the application letter to be bought from the Registration Office);
• Original lease agreement signed by the lessor, the lessee, and two witnesses, with the stamps affixed to be shown and copy to be attached;
• Original proof of identification of the lessor (or their proxy) and the lessee (or their proxy), e.g. N.R.C. (any proxy shall be authorised by a duly stamped power of attorney registered with the Registration Office) to be shown and copies to be attached;
• Original proof of identification of the two witnesses (one of behalf of each party), e.g. N.R.C., to be shown and copies to be attached;
• Original land title documents of the property to be shown and copy to be attached (if the lessor’s name is not mentioned in the title documents, the lessor shall provide evidence that he is legally allowed to sub-lease the property);
• Original Certificate of Incorporation to be shown and copy to be attached (if the lessor and/or the lessee are corporate entities);
• Original board of directors’ resolution authorising the lease to be shown and copy to be attached (if the lessor and/or the lessee are corporate entities);
• Original directors/members list to be shown and copy to be attached (if the lessor and/or the lessee are corporate entities);
• Original Permit or Endorsement of the Myanmar Investment Commission to be shown and copy to be attached, if the property is leased by a foreign investor for a term exceeding one year; and
• Approval of the lessor.

The above documents may be submitted in English and/or Myanmar language. A notarised Myanmar translation is usually required, if the original documents are not in Myanmar language.

Any lease agreement to be registered shall, together with the supporting documents, be examined by the deputy officer and the registrar of the Registration of Deeds Office. The registrar shall scrutinise the relevant title document to assess whether the property may be leased to a (foreign) investor and used for the desired purpose.

The registration fee depends on the term of the lease. For a lease of more than one year, which is subject to mandatory registration, the fee is 0.5% of the average annual rent.

After payment of the registration fee, the lessor, the lessee and the two witnesses shall sign and stamp with their fingerprints the original and copy of the lease agreement as well as the relevant registration books.

The Registrar will issue the chalan (i.e. receipt of payment) for the lease agreement and start the internal registration process.

After registration, the original lease agreement will be returned to the registering party, supplemented with a registration number, registration book number, registration file number, and the date of registration.

Active in Myanmar since 2013, Luther is one of the largest law firms and corporate services providers in Yangon. Our international team of more than 50 professionals consist of lawyers, tax consultants, corporate secretaries and accountants from Germany, France, Italy and Myanmar.

With our “one-stop” service solution, Luther Law Firm Limited and Luther Corporate Services Limited provide a comprehensive range of services to assist and advise clients in all stages of the business lifecycle, namely, from the establishment of a Myanmar business, through on-going legal and tax advice, bookkeeping, accounting, payroll and payment administration up to the dissolution of enterprises.

We devise and help our clients to implement legal, tax and corporate compliance structures that work and let them focus on being successful in Asia’s last frontier market. Myanmar’s legal framework is governed by both old and new laws and regulations, as well as internal policies and practices of the Myanmar authorities. Many laws dating back to the colonial and post-independence periods are, with more or less changes, still in force. Since its political and economic opening in 2011, Myanmar has embarked on a comprehensive reform process and is currently overhauling its legal framework.

Our local and international colleagues have the necessary knowledge, experience and commercial expertise to serve our more than 450 clients in this rapidly developing country, including multinational investors, MNCs and SMEs, development organizations, embassies, NGOs and local conglomerates.

To advise each client in the best possible way, our lawyers and tax advisors – in addition to their specialized legal and tax expertise – have expert knowledge of specific industries.

Further, our team members are well connected and actively participating and holding positions in various chambers to stay abreast of the latest developments, such as the European Chamber of Commerce in Myanmar, the German Myanmar Business Chamber, the British Chamber of Commerce and French Myanmar Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

We offer pragmatic solutions and recommendations based on best practice guidelines. We never compromise on quality and we always put our clients first. Our lawyers are trained to deliver work products that comply with the highest standards and we will not settle for less.

I. Legal and Tax Advisory Services

Our international and Myanmar lawyers provide comprehensive legal and tax advice in all areas of commercial law, including:

• Establishment of a Myanmar Business
• Cessation of a Myanmar Business
• Compliance
• Contract Law
• Corporate Law, Investment Structuring and Joint Ventures
• Employment and Labour Law
• Foreign Direct Investment and Market Entry
• Immigration Law
• Intellectual Property Law
• International Trade and Distribution Law
• Financial Transactions
• M&A Advisory
• Non-Profit Sector
• Real Estate Law
• Tax Advice and Tax Structuring

Establishment of a Myanmar Business

• Advising on the type of entity to be established and the optimal corporate & tax structure
• Preparation of Constitutions and other constitutional documents
• Incorporation of limited companies
• Registration of foreign companies (“Branch or Representative Offices“)
• Application for Permits and Endorsements under the Myanmar Investment Law 2016
• Registration under the Special Economic Zone Law 2014
• Registration of associations, foundations, social enterprises and non-governmental organizations

Cessation of a Myanmar Business

• Liquidation of Companies
• De-Registration of Overseas Corporations (Branch / Representative Office)
• Repatriation of surplus

Compliance

• Anti-corruption compliance
• Corporate governance and corporate compliance
• Labour law compliance
• Regulatory compliance
• Tax compliance

Contract Law

• Negotiation and drafting of commercial agreements
• Registration of deeds and contracts with the authorities
• Advice and assistance on stamp duty payments

Corporate Law, Investment Structuring and Joint Ventures

• Capital measures (increase and reduction in capital, cash and in kind)
• Advice to members of executive and supervisory boards
• Shareholders agreements, constitutions and rules of procedure
• National and international joint ventures
• PPP projects
• Liquidation and insolvency proceedings
• Disputes among shareholders

Employment and Labour Law

• Employment contracts for employees, managers and directors
• Employment policies
• Registration of employment contracts with Myanmar labour authorities
• Corporate restructuring, redundancy and compensation plans
• Secondments
• Social Security Insurance

Foreign Direct Investment and Market Entry

• Support and advice on the choice of location
• Advice with regard to the appropriate market entry and restrictions under the Myanmar Investment Law
• Planning, structuring and formation of companies, subsidiaries and branch offices
• Representation vis-à-vis regulatory authorities

Immigration Law

• Visa, Long-Term Stay Permits and Foreigner Registration Cards
• Labour Cards
• Guest Residence Reports
• Form C (Occupation of Residential Premises)

Intellectual Property Law

• Development and implementation of IP protection strategies
• Registration of trademarks, designs and patents
• License agreements, research and development agreements
• Outsourcing contacts

International Trade and Distribution Law

• Registration of foreign trading companies
• Review of general terms and conditions
• Supply and procurement agreements
• Distributorship and sales agency agreements

Financial transactions

• Banking, Finance and Insurance Law
• Corporate finance
• Loan and security agreements
• Registrations with the Central Bank and FRD
• Legal Opinions

M&A Advisory

• Support in M&A transactions, privatizations and the establishment of joint venture companies
• Domestic and cross-border acquisitions by asset or share deal
• Due diligence
• Acquisition and project financing, including convertible loans
• National and international corporate restructuring measures
• Post-merger integration

Non-Profit Sector

• Advice with regard to the appropriate legal structures for non-governmental organizations, development organizations, foundations, social enterprises and charities
• Planning, structuring and formation of companies limited by guarantee, associations and NGOs
• Representation vis-à-vis regulatory authorities
• Tax exemptions

Real Estate Law

• Negotiation and drafting of sale and purchase agreements and leases
• Financing structures
• Representation vis-à-vis public authorities

Tax Advice and Tax Structuring

• International tax (inbound and outbound)
• Direct and indirect taxes
• Tax structuring of M&A transactions
• Transfer pricing
• Remedies and actions relating to taxation and public charges

II. Corporate Services

Luther provides the complete range of corporate secretarial services to businesses in Myanmar, including:

• Corporate Secretarial Services
• Individual and Corporate Tax Compliance
• Human Resources & Payroll Administration
• Accounting & Financial Reporting
• Payment Administration

Corporate Secretarial Services

• Provision of personnel to assume statutory positions
  • Company secretary 
  • Nominee director / officer
• General statutory compliance services 
  • Advice on best practice, corporate governance and compliance with Myanmar law 
  • Corporate restructuring 
  • Setting up, custody and maintenance of statutory books and registers 
  • Preparing and lodging of prescribed forms and requisite documents with the Directorate of Investment and Company Administration (DICA) and the Myanmar Investment Commission (MIC)
  • Preparation of notices, minutes, and other documents pertaining to directors’ and shareholders’ meetings (Annual General Meeting and Extraordinary General Meeting) 
  • Provision of registered office address
• Managing changes: 
  • Change of name
  • Change in constitutional documents
  • Change in capital structure (transfer of shares, new issuance of shares)
  • Change of shareholders
  • Change of directors, representatives, auditors and company secretaries
  • Change of registered office address
  • Opening of bank accounts and managing changes of bank signatories

Individual and Corporate Tax Compliance

• Commercial tax registration
• Preparation, calculation, filing and payment of commercial tax
• Preparation, calculation, filing and payment of withholding tax
• Preparation, calculation, filing and payment of personal income tax
• Applications for relief under Double Tax Agreements
• Advice on complex and international tax structures
• Negotiations with the Inland Revenue Department
• Payment of stamp duty

Human Resources & Payroll Administration

• Processing and payment of employee expense claims
• Computation of salaries
• Computation of social security contributions
• Computation of personal income taxes
• Provision of payroll reports & financial journals
• Payment of salaries net of personal income tax and social security contributions
• Filing and payment of personal income tax and social security contributions
• Ensuring compliance with tax and social security reporting requirements

Accounting & Financial Reporting

• Bookkeeping
  • Setting up the chart of accounts
  • Recording of all payments and funds received
  • Preparation of monthly bank reconciliation statements
  • Recording of all sales and trade debtors
  • Recording of all purchase and trade creditors
  • Recording of prepayments and accruals
  • Recording of all assets purchased and related depreciation
  • Recording of all commercial tax (CT) on taxable purchases/ supplies
  • Extraction of monthly trial balances and general ledger
• Management reports
  • Compiling of profit and loss account and balance sheet
  • Generating aged financial analysis of debtors and creditors
  • Business advisory services such as accounting reports and preparation of business plans
  • Budget preparation, comparison and analysis of key components of financial performance
• Statutory accounting
  • Preparation of financial statements and notes to the financial statements
  • Review and computation of tax and deferred tax provisions for inclusion into financial statements

Payment Administration

• Administration of cash funds deposited with us or in client’s own bank accounts
• Cash flow forecasting and processing of accounts receivables
• Account signatory services to enable settlement of company payment obligations, and observance of “four-eyes-principle”
• Issuance of payment vouchers and arrangement of payments

I. Expertise

Our Myanmar office works closely together with the other Luther offices in Asia and Europe. We take a holistic approach, dealing with Asia-wide compliance issues, assisting with the setting up of international holding structures and ensuring proper repatriation of profits.

We provide the complete range of legal and tax advice to clients doing business in and from Asia. To offer a seamless service, we have teams in Europe as well as in Asia, led by partners with many years of experience on both continents. That way, we can immediately answer questions concerning investment decisions and provide our clients with an accurate assessment of the particularities of their projects, no matter where they are located.

Our lawyers unite substantial practical knowledge in important legal areas and cover the entire spectrum of law in Asia and beyond. We support foreign investors in the assessment of location and investment criteria, the structuring of investment projects, acquisitions and joint ventures. Finding and implementing solutions for sensitive areas like technology transfer and know-how protection also form part of our work. Alongside our clients we negotiate with future partners and local authorities and ensure the enforcement of their rights, in and out of court as well as in arbitration proceedings.

The services of our lawyers are complemented by our accountants, HR specialists and tax consultants offering all the services one would necessarily associate with a “one-stop” concept, from outsourced administration to accounting, payroll and tax compliance. Additionally, we provide corporate secretarial services, especially in the Asian “common law” countries.

Collectively, our lawyers, tax consultants and professionals combine the competence and experience necessary to assist comprehensively on all business matters in Asia. Our tax experts advise on individual and corporate tax compliance as well as on withholding tax issues, on Double Taxation Agreements and on complex international tax structures. Our accountants and professionals carry out the time-consuming administrative tasks of the accounting and payroll functions a business must undertake, allowing our clients to concentrate on growing their business.

II. Singapore

Singapore is a leading international trading & financial hub. As such, it serves as Asian headquarter for many international companies operating within the Asia-Pacific region. With a staff strength of more than 90, Luther is by far the largest continental European law firm in Singapore. More than 25 lawyers from Singapore, Germany, France and other jurisdictions cover the whole range of corporate and commercial legal work as well as the structuring of investments within South and South East Asia. Our team is supported by excellent local Singaporean lawyers, notary publics, tax advisors, accountants, corporate secretaries and other professionals.

III. Shanghai

Shanghai is the main hub for doing business in China, and with a team of more than 20 international lawyers, Luther is the largest German-speaking law firm in the city. Our China team consists of German and Chinese legal experts most of whom have over a decade of experience in developing and entering the Chinese market. Luther Shanghai is fully authorized to offer legal services including litigation and provides advice on all questions of Chinese law. Our legal team is supported by Chinese tax advisors, accountants, corporate secretaries and other professionals.

IV. Asia

Our two principal Asian offices in Singapore and Shanghai are complemented by offices and teams in Yangon (Myanmar), Bangkok (Thailand), Delhi-Gurugram (India), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) and Jakarta (Indonesia). This network of Luther offices is further strengthened by the long-established business relationships that we have successfully developed both locally and with our regional partners and “best friends” in Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand, the Philippines, South Korea and Vietnam.

Our and our local partners’ offices in important European and Asian markets